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A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF VALUES ON FAMILY

AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIP

Chinara Bayramova1

Abstract: The trends shaping modern society are marked by shifts in family values, and the swift

evolution of these values presents various challenges in evaluating their signicance. To comprehend

these challenges, one must focus on how family values evolve and their expressions. The foundational

development of an individual’s personality and social relationships occurs primarily within the family

unit. New values lay the groundwork for the development of a new personality type. Emerging

family models are inuenced by both existing and evolving values that affect relationships between

spouses. Recent evidence indicates that new trends are appearing not just within specic national

or ethnic contexts, but also globally in terms of family-spouse relationships, family structure, and

social functions. As a result of numerous alterations, family values are currently experiencing several

transformations.

Keywords: values, family, marriage, psychology, inuence.

Introduction

It is crucial for the younger generation, who represent both the foundation and future of the

country, to grasp the dynamics of family-marriage relationships and core life values. In recent years,

the role of the family within the youth demographic has evolved. Contemporary girls and young

individuals have perspectives that differ from those of their parents and grandparents.

It is crucial for the younger generation, who represent both the foundation and future of

1 PhD in Social Psychology Program at Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.

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the country, to grasp the dynamics of family-marriage relationships and core life values. In recent

years, the role of the family within the youth demographic has evolved. Contemporary girls and

young individuals have perspectives that differ from those of their parents and grandparents. We

are witnessing a growing trend among young individuals who focus more on personal and career

growth than on starting a family. For instance, women seek to attain nancial autonomy and to be

self-sufcient. As a result, they delay the idea of beginning a family until they reach their professional

goals. Modern youth often question the necessity of formalizing partnerships through marriage. As

young individuals are hesitant to make commitments, traditional marriage values are increasingly

overshadowed by casual cohabitation. These types of relationships indicate young people’s reluctance

to take on social responsibilities for one another, leading to a lack of trust in the authenticity of their

emotions. Divorces and the internal breakdown of the family institution, which is essential to society,

are frequently caused by a lack of social and personal responsibility (Jabbarov, et.al,2022; Jabbarov

et.al, 2020)). It should be remembered that the family is a particular value for each individual, and that

a decline in the signicance of this value would inevitably impact societal development trends. The

process of creating individuals that are benecial to society is marginalized from this perspective.

The directions of inuence of new values pave the way for a fundamental change in the family,

which is the main leading institution of society, and its marital relations. From this point of view,

we believe that the study of the socio-psychological issues of the transformation of new values into

family-marital relations will allow us to determine the nature of intra-family relations, to clarify

the directions of transformation of family values, and to identify the manifestations of new family

models. From this aspect, we considered it appropriate to choose its topic as the object of research.

(Jabbarov anda İbrahimova, 2013).

Literature review

The possibility of solving many problems related to the state of the family institution, in our

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opinion, is determined by the need for a serious socio-psychological study of the transformation of

the traditional national family.

There are various approaches to studying the functional nature of such a complex social

phenomenon as a family (Aleshina, Y. (1989); Averina A. (2020); Boyko V. (1985); Batyrshina A.

(2023); , Bobchenko T. (2020); Belyaeva A. (2008); Vasilets T. (2010). Volkov A. (1996); Klintsova

M. (1997) etc.). These studies mainly reect general issues such as the type, structure, historical

functions of the family, etc.

The historical development of forms of marriage and family relations has been studied by

many researchers (Bayramov A., Alizade A. (2003); B. Aliyev (2008); Andreeva T. (2004); Kalinina R.

(2008); Klintsova M. (2015); Klimantova G. (2009); Leontiev D. (1998); Maslow A. (1997); Mukhina

E. (2012); Matskovsky M. (1986); Nekrasov A. (2012); Obozov N. (1981); Osipova L. (2015); Burke,

P. and Reitzes, D. (1991); Bitueva, A. (2000); Cella S. (2013); Cohen S. (2004); Carr, D. and Springer,

K. (2010) etc.).

The study of the family as a socio-cultural phenomenon allows us to identify intra-family

relations, including family-marital relations, in its structure (Dehqani, M., Johnson, K., Hoover, J.,

Saqi, E., Garten, J., Parmar, N. J., Vaisey S., Iliev, R., and Graham, J. (2016); Evans K. L., Millsteed

J., Richmond J., Falkmer M., Falkmer T., and Girdler S. (2016); Shimokata H. (2010); Hughes M. E.

and Waite L. (2009); Musick K. and Bumpass L. (2012) and others).

There are also numerous studies on values and family values (Aliyeva K., Jabbarov R.,

Aliyeva T. And I Did Not.(2021); Mustafayev M. (2004); Calogero, R. Bardi A. and Sutton, R. (2009);

Heaven, P. and Oxman, L. (2021); Jabbarov, et al. (2022); Maslow A., Vicker, F., Lambert, F. B.,

Richardson, F.and Kahler J. (1984); Rebecca K., Johannes K. (2021); Luszczynska A., Morrison V.,

Panagopoulou E., Vilchinsky N., and Hagedoorn (2016); Rokich, M. (1976); Schwartz S. and Surkiss,

S.(2012); Schwartz S. (2006) and others). In these studies, the directions of transformation of values

are indicated. However, it cannot be said that these studies cover all aspects of the topic we have

chosen. In this regard, the problem is quite relevant.

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Methodology

Many studies have focused on the family as one of the earliest types of society and human

cohesion, including examining its structure, functions, and social importance. These studies

primarily focus on demography, sociology, philosophy, psychology, and various human sciences.

Although this kind of research is signicant, we believe it falls short in establishing a cohesive and

dynamic understanding of conicting perspectives on family values and their evolution, and from a

methodological standpoint, studies in the socio-psychological realm lack systematic approach.

The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is the socio-psychological principles of

development and activity related to family relations and values (M. Rokic, A. Maslow, A. Leontyev, N.

Obozov and others). Here, the provisions on values and family values form the main methodological

basis of the study.

Several methods were used in the study:

• Measurement of the type of mentality (Pshyk Vlada Igorevna).Here, in order to measure

the types of mentality (traditional, innovative, transitional, post-innovative), 4 questions

were presented to the respondents, each of which had 31 answer options.

• Methodology for measuring values (M.Rokich’s measurement of values). Here, 18 ideas

were presented separately concerning terminal values and instrumental values, and

respondents were asked to rate their preferred ideas in the range of 18-1 points.

• Questionnaire for studying family relationships (in this survey, respondents were rst

asked to evaluate their real family on 20 given variables, and then evaluate the ideal

family). Methodology D.X.It is based on Olson’s “circular model” (“circular model”).

This model includes three important parameters of family behavior: cohesion, adaptation

and communication. In the”circular model”, the FACES scale series is given, designed to

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assess the two main dimensions of the family structure, represented graphically – family

cohesion and family adaptation.

• Methodology “differential of cultural values” (here the respondents evaluated the social

environment on 24 given cultural characteristics. It is divided by the mentioned feature

into two separate parts (12+12), and naturally in the rst part the characteristics opposite

to the cultural features in the second part are given.

• Personal data questionnaire (basically refers to the measurement of demographic

characteristics and 12 characteristics are measured through this questionnaire);

125 respondents were involved in the study and each respondent answered questions related to

the set of methods. The obtained data (data) was analyzed in SPSS program and descriptive statistical

analysis, “t-test” analysis and correlation analysis were used for this purpose.

Results

The personal data questionnaire was mainly presented to respondents in the form of 12

Variable open, closed and semi-closed questions. Tables and diagrams for statistical analysis of data

on the questions posed in the personal data questionnaire are given below.

A total of 125 people participated in the survey. Of the participants (respondents), 63 were

women and 62 were men. 125 people indicated that they were married. In response to the question

“Who do you live with?”, the vast majority of respondents, more precisely 120 people, indicated that

they lived with their family, and 3 respondents indicated that they lived with their parents.

As for living conditions, 110 people noted their personal place of residence, and 15-temporary

residence. According to this information, none of the respondents mentioned dormitories, relatives ‘

homes and government ofces as their place of residence.

Looking at the composition of the respondents according to the gender variable, it is clear

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that 50.4 percent of the participants were women and 49.6 percent were men. As can be seen from

this, most of its participants live in their own private homes, and therefore one of the factors that will

negatively affect family relations is losing its inuence. On the other hand, we should note that two

people settled in government ofces based on their demographics.

Table 1. Demographics of participants

The respondents’ social standing was one of the factors assessed by the personal information

questionnaire. Thirty-ve respondents said they were instructors, despite the fact that four did not

answer this question at all. There were fteen students, twenty doctors and medical professionals,

for agriculturalists, ve businesspeople, thirteen law enforcement ofcers, and sixteen unemployed

people. In addition, 13 respondents selected “other” in place of the occupations listed in the poll.

One of them stated that they were employed in the executive branch, while the other two said they

Variable Answer options Frequency Percentage

Gender Female 63 50.4

Male 62 49.6

Total 125 100.0

Marital status Married 125 100.0

Single 00.0

Unanswered 00.0

Total 125 100.0

Who does he live with With my parent 2 1.6

Live alone 0 0.0

With family 123 98.4

Other 00.0

Unanswered 00.0

Total 125 100.0

Living conditions Private residence 110 88.0

Hostel 10 8.0

Temporary residence 32.4

Relatives’ house 00.0

Settlement in government ofces 2 1.6

Total 125 100.0

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were housewives. Despite selecting the alternative and the fact that the question was semi-closed, the

remaining ten respondents did not specify their occupation.

As of the level of education, only 25 of the respondents had secondary education. 56 people

have incomplete higher education and 44 people have higher education.

One of the variables related to demographic characteristics was the living conditions of the

respondents. According to the information obtained, 110 people registered their personal place of

residence, and 15-their temporary place of residence.

4 people did not answer the question about the duration of marriage (how many years have

you been married). Of the 125 people who answered the question, 25 noted that the marriage period

was less than 1 year (1 year of marriage has not yet been completed). Overall, the respondents ‘

average marriage duration was 10.3 years.

Table 2. Indicators of the duration of marriage of participants

Duration of marriage Frequency Percentage

˂1 64.8 10.3

110 8.00

218 14.4

320 16.00

422 17.6

5 5 4.00

6 2 1.6

7 1 0.8

821.6

9 1 0.8

10 10.8

11 10.8

12 10.8

14 10.8

31 10.8

32 10.8

33 10.8

34 10.8

35 10.8

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One of the demographic variables we learned was who the respondents live with, where 90

percent live with my family, 3.3 percent live with my parents, 5 percent chose the “other” option, and

1.7 percent did not answer this question.

Table 3. Indicators of the respondents ‘answer to the question of the participants” who do you live

with

Through the methodology for measuring the type of mentality, it was found out which type

of mentality is the main one among the respondents. In order to determine which of the traditional,

innovative, keshid and post-innovative types of mentality is more dominant, 31 questions were given

and 4 answer options were provided for each question, each of which expressed one of the above-

mentioned types of mentality.

Table 4. Indicators of the assessment of the type of mentality

Based on the statistical analysis of the data and the results obtained, the innovative type

of mentality prevails among the respondents (37.60%). This type of menatlitet vertical reects the

Unanswered 43.2

Total 125 100.0

Who do you live with Frequency Percentage

Other 32.4

With my parents 2 1.6

With my family 120 96.0

Total 125 100.0

Frequency Percentage

Traditional 18 14.40

Innovative 47 37.60

Transition 17 13.60

Post-innovativ 43 34.40

Total 125 100

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ability to give less closed relationships based on the values of individualism, an active position in life,

rational nationality, orientation towards personal achievements. It contains in itself the relationship

of instability (on the example of the world), individuality (lifestyle) and independence of the concept

of “I”.

The postinnovative type of mentality ranks second (34.40%). Based on the values of this

type of stability, the horizontal contains individual values in itself, is characterized by a stable image

of the world, traditional values. Here the tendency towards independence, and therefore, individuality,

prevails. The combination of independence, passivity and stability is manifested.

The traditional type of mentality is 14.40%, it has been. This type of mentality is a mentality

based on the values of horizontal collectivism, which involves the observance of traditions, relations

between people are more honest and friendly. The combination of stability (in the example of the

world), collectivism (in the example of life) and dependence on the concept of “i” is the main indicator

of this type of menatality.

The transitional type of mentality was 13.60%. The transitional mentality is based on the

values of vertical collectivism. It does not have clear value orientations, the image of the world is more

chaotic and threatening. The combination of dependence (in communication), readiness for change

and instability (on the way to the world) is characteristic of this type of mentality.

Discussion and Conclusion

According to the analysis of the studies that have been done, there is a tendency to broaden the

denition of the modern monogamous family and take into consideration the most recent alternative

aspects of family life when examining modern family values and the conventional indicators of

comprehending the family phenomenon. According to the socio-historical examination of the family

institution’s history, the prevalent type of monogamous marriage that exists today has a dominant

role in the establishment of this social institution. It has been established that the changes occurring

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in the structure, composition, and functions of the family in contemporary society are considered

natural and inevitable in historical development.(Jabbarov, 2012). These changes are the result of all

the social changes occurring in society in connection with the decline and reduction of the socio-

cultural functions of the family under the inuence of industrial-urban civilization (Jabbarov, 2021).

According to research, the continuous shifts in marital and family relationships are, on the

one hand, described as a “family crisis” linked to the adoption of a new system of relationships.

According to a different perspective, this process is seen as a logical progression within the larger

framework of civilization’s shift from the traditional family model to the postmodern model, which

is manifested in the dismantling of the nuclear minimum and the introduction of the idea of family

well-being.

The study showed that priority terminal values include” happiness of others, acceptance

by society, feeling the beauty of nature and art, creativity, entertainment.” And in the system of

Instrumental values, the inability to accept the shortcomings in oneself and others, rmly remain in

one’s opinion, sensitivity (caring), high assertiveness, literacy” are priorities. Based on the statistical

analysis of the data and the results obtained, it can be said that the innovative type of mentality

prevails among the participants. This type of menatlitet vertical reects the ability to give less closed

relationships based on the values of individualism, an active position in life, rational nationality,

orientation towards personal achievements. The study showed that the postinnovative type of mentality

ranks second. Based on the values of this type of stability, the horizontal contains individual values

in itself, is characterized by a stable image of the world, traditional values. This fact shows that the

predominance of the innovative type of mentality and the transitional type of mentality is legitimate

and resonates with the development of society. Therefore, changes and transformations of values are

legitimate.

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